The optional subject plays a major role in overall score of the candidate. Choosing the right optional subject is necessary. Economics is one of the most interesting subject and best optional subject. It is most scoring optional subject. Many toppers have opted for economics in last many years.Economics is a technical subject and equally relevant in contemporary times. The success rate in the subject is high which encourages the candidates to opt for it.
Candidates with a background in economics are likely to score more since they are more familiar with the concepts and have more clarity of the topics. Thus it is an added advantage for economic students. They tend to take less time in covering the syllabus in a short span of time.
The students who are novice in the subject can opt for economics optional but it will take more time for them to complete the syllabus since they are unfamiliar with the concepts of the syllabus. The time varies and is different for individuals. But a non economic student needs to put a lot of efforts in order to understand the concepts and have a proper understanding of the syllabus.
Given below are different strategies which can be used during preparation:
UPSC ECONOMICS Optional Syllabus
PAPER—I
1. Advanced Micro Economics : (a) Marshallian and Varrasiam Approaches to Price determination. (b) Alternative Distribution Theories; Ricardo, Kaldor, Kaleeki. (c) Markets Structure: Monopolistic Competition, Duopoly, Oligopoly. (d) Modern Welfare Criteria: Pareto Hicks and Scitovsky, Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem, A. K. Sen’s Social Welfare Function.
2. Advance Macro Economics: Approaches to Employment Income and Interest Rate determination: Classical, Keynes (IS)-LM) curve, Neo-classical synthesis and New classical, Theories of Interest Rate determination and Interest Rate Structure.
3. Money-Banking and Finance : (a) Demand for and Supply of Money: Money Multiplier Quantity Theory of Money (Fisher, Pique and Friedman) and Keyne’s Theory on Demand for Money, Goals and Instruments of Monetary Management in Closed and Open Economies. The relation between the Central Bank and the Treasury. Proposal for the ceiling on the growth rate of money. (b) Public Finance and its Role in Market Economy: In stabilisation of supply, allocative, of resources and distribution and development. Sources of Government revenue, forms of Taxes and Subsidies, their incidence and effects. Limits to taxation, loans, crowding-out effects and limits to borrowings. Public expenditure and its effects.
4. International Economics : (a) Old and New theories of International Trade. (i) Comparative advantage, (ii) Terms of Trade and Offer Curve. (iii) Product Cycle and Strategic Trade Theories. (iv) Trade as an engine of growth and theories of underdevelopment in an open economy. (b) Forms of Protection: Tariff and quota. (c) Balance of Payments Adjustment: Alternative Approaches. (i) Price versus income, income adjustments under fixed exchange rates. (ii) Theories of Policy Mix. (iii) Exchange rate adjustments under capital mobility. (iv) Floating Rates and their Implications for Developing Countries: Currency Boards. (v) Trade Policy and Developing Countries. (vi) BOP, adjustments and Policy Coordination in open economy macro model. (vii) Speculative attacks. (viii) Trade Blocks and Monetary Unions. (ix) WTO: TRIMS, TRIPS, Domestic Measures, Different Rounds of WTO talks.
5. Growth and Development : (a) (i) Theories of growth: Harrod’s model; (ii) Lewis model of development with surplus labour. (iii) Balanced Unbalanced Growth. (iv) Human Capitals and Economic Growth. (v) Research and Development and Economic Growth. (b) Process of Economic Development of less developed countries: Myrdal and Kuzments on economic development and structural change: Role of Agriculture in Economic Development of less developed countries. (c) Economic Development and International Trade and Investment, Role of Multinationals. (d) Planning and Economic Development: the changing role of Markets and Planning, Private-Public Partnership. (e) Welfare indicators and measures of growth—Human Development Indices. The basic needs approach. (f) Development and Environmental Sustainability— Renewable and Non-renewable Resources, Environmental Degradation, Intergenerational equity development.
PAPER-II
Indian Economics in Post-Independence Era: Land System and its changes, Commercialization of agriculture Drain theory, Laissez-faire theory and critique. Manufacture and Transport: Jute, Cotton, Railways, Money and Credit. Indian Economy after Independence :
A. The Pre-Liberalization Era : (i) Contribution of Vakil, Gadgil and V.K.R.V. Rao. (ii) Agriculture: Land Reforms and land tenure system, Green Revolution and capital formation in agriculture. (iii) Industry Trends in composition and growth, Role of the public and private sector, small scale and cottage industries. (iv) National and Per capita income: Patterns, trends, aggregate and sectoral composition and changes therein. (v) Broad factors determining National Income and distribution, Measures of poverty, Trends in poverty and inequality.
B. The Post-Liberalization Era : (i) New Economic Reform and Agriculture: Agriculture and WTO, Food processing, Subsidies, Agricultural prices and public distribution system, Impact of public expenditure on agricultural growth. (ii) New Economic Policy and Industry: Strategy of industrialization, Privatization, Disinvestments, Role of foreign direct investment and multinationals. (iii) New Economic Policy and Trade: Intellectual property rights: Implications of TRIPS, TRIMS, GATS and new EXIM policy. (iv) New Exchange Rate Regime: Partial and full convertibility, Capital account convertibility. (v) New Economic Policy and Public Finance: Fiscal Responsibility Act, Twelfth Finance Commission and Fiscal Federalism and Fiscal Consolidation. (vi) New Economic Policy and Monetary System. Role of RBI under the new regime. (vii) Planning: From central Planning to indicative planning, Relation between planning and markets for growth and decentralized planning: 73rd and 74th Constitutional amendments. (viii) New Economic Policy and Employment: Employment and poverty, Rural wages, Employment Generation, Poverty alleviation schemes, New Rural, Employment Guarantee Scheme.